全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Comparison of Fire Resistant Geopolymers for Passive Fire Protection of Concrete Tunnel Linings

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1103327, PP. 1-15

Subject Areas: Composite Material, Material Experiment

Keywords: Geopolymer, Tunnel Linings, Passive Fire Protection

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

Fire resistant geopolymers are developed and the performance under thermal loading is examined and compared in this paper. The geopolymers were prepared by mixing the solid phase, metallurgical slag and metakaolin with a highly alkaline potassium hydroxide aqueous phase in order to create a paste that was subsequently cured at 70℃ for a certain period of time. The developed materials were tested for the mechanical, physical and thermal properties. The behaviour of the geopolymers upon exposure on fire was studied following the EFNARC guidelines for testing of passive fire protection for concrete tunnels linings. The geopolymers were subjected to the most severe fire scenario, the Rijks Water Staat (RWS) temperature-time curve. Both geopolymers appeared great behaviour after the test reaching temperature lower than the RWS test requirement, proving the ability of both materials to work successfully as an efficient thermal barrier. Thus, the concrete slab protected by the geopolymers did not appear any form of spalling or degradation of its compressive strength.

Cite this paper

Sakkas, K. , Panias, D. , Nomikos, P. and Sofianos, A. (2017). Comparison of Fire Resistant Geopolymers for Passive Fire Protection of Concrete Tunnel Linings. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e3327. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103327.

References

[1]  Graham, E. (2005) Solutions for Explosive Problems. Journal of Tunnels & Tunnelling International, 39, 44-45.
[2]  Fletcher, I., Welch, S., Torero, J., Carvel, R. and Usman A. (2007) Behaviour of Concrete Structures in Fires. Journal of Thermal Science, 11, 37-52.
https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI0702037F
[3]  Sakkas, K., Nomikos, P., Sofianos, A. and Panias, D. (2013) Inorganic Polymeric Materials for Passive Fire Protection of Underground Constructions. Journal of Fire and Materials, 37, 140-150.
https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2119
[4]  Edwards, W.T. and Gamble, W.L. (1986) Strength of Grade 60 Reinforcing Bars after Exposure to Fire Temperatures. Journal of Concrete International, 8, 17-19.
[5]  National Codes and Standards Council of the Concrete and Masonry Industries (1994) Assessing the Condition and Repair Alternatives of fire Exposed Concrete and Masonry Members. Fire Protection Planning Report, 14.
[6]  American Petroleum Institute Publication (2000) API RP 579 Fitness-for-Service. 1st Edition. American Petroleum Institute Publication, USA.
[7]  Davidovits, J. (1999) Geopolymer’99. 2nd International Conference, Saint-Quentin, 9-39.
[8]  Van Deventer, J.G.S., Van Deventer, J.S.J. and Lukey, G.C. (2002) The Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of Fly Ash- and Kaolinite-Based Geopolymers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 89, 63-73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00025-6
[9]  Davidovits, J. (1988) Geopolymer Chemistry and Properties. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Geopolymer’88, Compiegne, 1-3 June 1988, 25-48.
[10]  Cioffi, R., Maffucci, L. and Santoro, L. (2003) Optimization of Geopolymer Synthesis by Calcination and Polycondensation of a Kaolinitic Residue. Journal Resource, Conservation and Recycling, 40, 27-38.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(03)00023-5
[11]  Xu, H. and Van Deventer, J. S. J. (2000) The Geopolymerisation of Alumino-Silicate Minerals. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 59, 247-266.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(99)00074-5
[12]  Wang, H., Li, H. and Yan, F. (2005) Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Metakaolinite-Based Geopolymer. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 268, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.01.016
[13]  Vaou, V. and Panias, D. (2010) Thermal Insulating Foamy Geopolymers from Perlite. Journal of Minerals Engineering, 23, 1146-1151.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2010.07.015
[14]  Swanepoel, J.C. and Strydom, C.A. (2002) Utilisation of Fly Ash in a Geopolymeric Material. Journal of Applied Geochemistry, 17, 1143-1148.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(02)00005-7
[15]  Wu, H.C. and Sun, P. (2007) New Construction Material from Fly Ash Based Lightweight Inorganic Polymer. Journal of Construction and Building Materials, 21, 211-217.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.052
[16]  Panias, D., Giannopoulou, I. and Perraki, T. (2007) Effect of Synthesis Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 301, 246-254.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.12.064
[17]  Bakharev, T. (2005) Geopolymeric Materials Prepared Using Class F Fly Ash and Elevated Temperature Curing. Cement and Concrete Research, 35, 1224-1232.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.031
[18]  Cheng, T.W. and Chiu, J.P. (2003) Fire-Resistant Geopolymer Produced by Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. Journal of Minerals Engineering, 16, 205-210.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00008-6
[19]  Maragkos, I., Giannopoulou, I. and Panias, D. (2008) Synthesis of Ferronickel Slag- Based Geopolymers. Journal of Minerals Engineering, 22, 196-203.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.07.003
[20]  Giannopoulou, I., Dimas, D., Maragkos, I. and Panias, D. (2009) Utilization of Solid By-Products for the Development of Inorganic Polymeric Construction Materials. Global NEST Journal, 11, 127-136.

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413